What is Manganese Dioxide used for?

Manganese Dioxide is a black powder with a density of 5.026g/cm3 and a melting point of 390°C. It is insoluble in water and nitric acid. Oxygen is released in hot concentrated H2SO4, and chlorine is released in HCL to form manganous chloride. It reacts with caustic alkali and oxidants. Eutectic, release carbon dioxide, generate KMnO4, decompose into manganese trioxide and oxygen at 535°C, it is a strong oxidant.

Manganese Dioxide has a wide range of uses, involving industries such as medicine (potassium permanganate), national defense, communications, electronic technology, printing and dyeing, matches, soap making, welding, water purification, agriculture , and used as a disinfectant, oxidant, catalyst, etc. Manganese dioxide is used as MnO₂ as a coloring pigment for the coloring of the surface of ceramics and bricks and tiles, such as brown , green , purple , black and other brilliant colors, so that the color is bright and durable. Manganese dioxide is also used as a depolarizer for dry batteries, as a deferrous agent for manganese metals , special alloys , ferromanganese castings , gas masks , and electronic materials , and is also used in rubber to increase rubber viscosity.

The R&D team of UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. sorted out application cases for the company’s mainly dealing with products, special manganese dioxide for customers’ reference.

( 1) Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide, MnO2≥91.0% .

Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide is an excellent depolarizer for batteries. Compared with dry batteries produced by natural discharge manganese dioxide, it has the characteristics of large discharge capacity, strong activity, small size, and long life. It is mixed with 20-30% EMD Compared with dry batteries made entirely of natural MnO2 , the resulting dry batteries can increase their discharge capacity by 50-100% . Mixing 50-70% EMD in a high-performance zinc chloride battery can increase its discharge capacity by 2-3 times . Alkaline-manganese batteries made entirely of EMD can increase their discharge capacity by 5-7 times . Therefore, electrolytic manganese dioxide has become a very important raw material for the battery industry.

In addition to being the main raw material of batteries, electrolytic manganese dioxide in physical state is also widely used in other fields, such as: as an oxidant in the production process of fine chemicals, and as a raw material for the production of manganese-zinc ferrite soft magnetic materials . Electrolytic manganese dioxide has strong catalytic, oxidation- reduction , ion exchange and adsorption capabilities . After processing and molding, it becomes a kind of excellent water purification filter material with comprehensive performance. Compared with the commonly used activated carbon, zeolite and other water purification filter materials, it has stronger ability to decolorize and remove metals!

( 2 ) Lithium Manganese Oxide Grade Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide, MnO2≥92.0% .

  Lithium Manganese Oxide Grade Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide is widely used in power primary lithium manganese batteries . Lithium manganese dioxide series battery is characterized by its considerable specific energy (up to 250 Wh/kg and 500 Wh/L), And high electrical performance stability and safety in use. It is suitable for long-term discharge at a current density of 1mA/cm~2 at a temperature of minus 20°C to plus 70°C. The battery has a nominal voltage of 3 volts. British Ventour (Venture) technology company provides users with three structural types of lithium batteries : button lithium batteries, cylindrical lithium batteries, and cylindrical aluminum lithium batteries sealed with polymers. Civilian portable electronic devices are developing in the direction of miniaturization and light weight, which requires the batteries that provide energy for them to have the following advantages: small size, light weight, high specific energy, long service life, maintenance-free, and pollution-free.

( 3 ) Activated Manganese Dioxide Powder, MnO2≥75.% .

Activated Manganese Dioxide  (appearance is black powder) is made from high-grade natural manganese dioxide through a series of processes such as reduction, disproportionation, and weighting. It is actually a combination of activated manganese dioxide and chemical manganese dioxide. The combination has high advantages such as γ-type crystal structure, large specific surface area, good liquid absorption performance, and discharge activity. This type of product has good heavy-duty continuous discharge and intermittent discharge performance, and is widely used in the manufacture of high-power and high-capacity zinc-manganese dry batteries. This product can partially replace electrolytic manganese dioxide when it is used in high-chloride zinc (P) type batteries, and can completely replace electrolytic manganese dioxide when it is used in ammonium chloride (C) type batteries. It has a good cost-effective effect.

  Examples of specific uses are as follows :

  a . Ceramic color glaze: additives in black glaze, manganese red glaze and brown glaze;

  b . The application in ceramic ink colorant is mainly suitable for the use of high-performance black coloring agent for glaze; the color saturation is obviously higher than ordinary manganese oxide, and the calcining synthesis temperature is about 20 degrees lower than ordinary electrolytic manganese dioxide.

  c . Pharmaceutical intermediates, oxidants, catalysts;

  d . Decolorizer for glass industry;

( 4 ) High-Purity Manganese Dioxide, MnO2 96%-99% .

After years of hard work, the company has successfully developed High-Purity Manganese Dioxide with a content of 96%-99% . The modified product has the characteristics of strong oxidation and strong discharge, and the price has an absolute advantage compared with electrolytic manganese dioxide. Manganese dioxide is a black amorphous powder or black orthorhombic crystal. It is a stable oxide of manganese. It often appears in pyrolusite and manganese nodules. The main purpose of manganese dioxide is to manufacture dry batteries, such as carbon-zinc batteries and alkaline batteries. It is often used as a catalyst in chemical reactions, or as a strong oxidizing agent in acidic solutions. Manganese dioxide is a non-amphoteric oxide (non-salt-forming oxide), which is a very stable black powdery solid at room temperature and can be used as a depolarizer for dry batteries. It is also a strong oxidant, it does not burn by itself, but supports combustion, so it should not be placed together with combustibles.

Examples of specific uses are as follows :

a . It is mainly used as a depolarizer in dry batteries. It is a good decolorizing agent in the glass industry. It can oxidize low-priced iron salts into high-iron salts, and turn the blue-green color of the glass into weak yellow.

b. It is used to make manganese-zinc ferrite magnetic materials in the electronics industry, as a raw material for ferro-manganese alloys in the steelmaking industry, and as a heating agent in the casting industry. Used as an absorbent for carbon monoxide in gas masks.

c . In the chemical industry, it is used as an oxidizing agent (such as purpurin synthesis), a catalyst for organic synthesis, and a desiccant for paints and inks.

d . Used as a combustion aid in the match industry, as a raw material for ceramics and enamel glazes and manganese salts.

e . Used in pyrotechnics, water purification and iron removal, medicine, fertilizer and fabric printing and dyeing, etc.